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Science

Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips

2011-08-051122 citationsDOI 10.1126/science.1207745

Betsy Sparrow · Jenny Liu · Daniel M. Wegner

Research summary

Four experiments found that expecting future access reduced memory for information itself but improved memory for where it could be found, supporting a transactive-memory account of Internet use.

Evidence strengths

  • Four experiments
  • Direct tests of transactive memory

Limitations

  • Laboratory tasks
  • Early Internet-search context

Topics

  • Memory
  • Learning
  • Human-AI Interaction

Connected claims

  • Supports

    Expected access to external digital information changes memory strategy, reducing memory for content while preserving where it can be found.

    Participants remembered less content when future access was expected and remembered its location better.

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